Different retroviruses vary widely in N-linked glycosylation sites: HIV-1 can have as many as 30 sites glycosylated, 25 of which reside in gp120. At the other end of the spectrum, MMTV (Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus has only 4 sites for oligosaccharide addition (two on gp52 and two on gp37). The addition of oligosaccharides is believed to play a
Subsequent characterization of the principal causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), revealed that it was a retrovirus. As strains of HIV-1 were sampled from around the world, it became apparent that they exhibit extremely high genetic heterogeneity and that analysis of the evolution of this diversity can reveal insightsThe retrovirus that was the causative agent was finally identified in 1983 in a landmark paper by virologist Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and colleagues. That discovery soon led to the first HIV test and the recognition, by 1985, that HIV infection could be asymptomatic. What seems obvious now was shocking then. Blubervirales. Family: Hepadnaviridae. Genus: Orthohepadnavirus. Species: Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, [1] a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. [2] [3] This virus causes the disease hepatitis B. [4]
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, which, like many other viruses, stores its genetic information as RNA rather than as DNA (most other living things use DNA). When HIV enters a human cell, it releases its RNA, and an enzyme called reverse transcriptase makes a DNA copy of the HIV RNA. The resulting HIV DNA is integrated
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